UK media regulator Ofcom on Monday launched a formal investigation into Elon Musk’s X over its AI chatbot Grok’s image-creation feature that has been used to produce sexualised deepfakes.
The probe came as Prime Minister Keir Starmer warned: “If X cannot control Grok, we will -- and we’ll do it fast because if you profit from harm and abuse, you lose the right to self regulate.”
Grok is facing growing international backlash for allowing users to create and share sexualised pictures of women and children using simple text prompts.
Ofcom described the reports as “deeply concerning”.
It said in a statement that the undressed images of people “may amount to intimate image abuse or pornography -- and sexualised images of children... may amount to child sexual abuse material”.
Starmer’s office welcomed the investigation, saying that Ofcom “has our full support to take any action it sees fit”.
Ofcom said it had contacted X on January 5 asking it to explain the steps it has taken to protect UK users.
Without sharing details of the exchange, the regulator said that X responded within the given timeframe.
The formal investigation will determine whether X failed to meet its legal obligations.
Contacted by AFP, X referred to a previous statement, which said: “We take action against illegal content on X... by removing it, permanently suspending accounts, and working with local governments and law enforcement as necessary.”
Under Britain’s Online Safety Act, which entered force in July, websites, social media and video-sharing platforms hosting potentially harmful content are required to implement strict age verification through tools such as facial imagery or credit card checks.
It is meanwhile illegal for sites to create or share non-consensual intimate images, or child sexual abuse material, including sexual deepfakes created with AI.
Ofcom has the power to impose fines of 10 percent of an offending company’s worldwide revenue for breaches of these rules.
Addressing parliament Monday, Technology Minister Liz Kendall pledged to go further, by creating a new criminal offence which would “make it illegal for companies to supply tools designed to create non-consensual internet images”.
She added that “tackling violence against women and girls is as important online as it is in the real world”.
Musk’s xAI company, which runs Grok, sought to deflect the international criticism with a new monetisation policy at the end of last week, posting on Grok’s X account that the tool was now “limited to paying subscribers”, alongside a link to a premium subscription.
Starmer, speaking to a meeting of his Labour Party’s lawmakers, branded the actions of Grok and X “absolutely disgusting and shameful”.
Musk brushed off the UK’s criticism this weekend, posting on X that “they just want to suppress free speech”.
On Saturday, Indonesia became the first country to deny all access to the tool, with Malaysia following suit Sunday.
The European Commission, which acts as the EU’s digital watchdog, has ordered X to retain all internal documents and data related to Grok until the end of 2026 in response to the uproar.
“We will not be outsourcing child protection and consent to Silicon Valley,” European Commission head Ursula von der Leyen said on Monday.
“If they don’t act, we will,” she added.
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