New figures released by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (STATEC) indicate that migration remains the primary driver of population growth in Luxembourg, even as overall demographic expansion slows.
According to the latest STATEC data, the Grand Duchy’s population stood at 690,959 on 1 January 2026, a 1.3% increase compared to 2025. While the population continues to grow, the pace has slowed significantly relative to previous years, partly due to a persistently low number of births.
Migration continues to be the main engine of this growth. In 2025, 24,985 people arrived in Luxembourg, while 17,141 left, resulting in a net migration balance of 7,844 people. This figure remains well above the natural increase – the excess of births over deaths – which stood at 2,043.
At the same time, the number of births stayed low. A total of 6,439 children were born in 2025, a slight decline from 2024. The fertility rate fell to 1.23 children per person of childbearing age, reaching a new record low.
The number of deaths also decreased slightly, with 4,396 recorded in 2025, a drop of 1.7%. Life expectancy in Luxembourg remains high, at 85.2 years for women and 81.1 years for men.
The population is relatively young on average, especially among foreign residents. This age structure is also reflected in mortality statistics: three-quarters of those who died were Luxembourg nationals.
Immigration declined slightly in 2025, while more people left the country. Most new arrivals came from France and Portugal. Among those emigrating, Luxembourg nationals formed the largest group, resulting in a negative migration balance for this demographic.
The share of foreign residents remains high, though it decreased marginally to 46.6%. In total, 322,000 people without Luxembourg nationality live in the Grand Duchy, representing around 180 different nationalities.
Meanwhile, the number of naturalisations increased. In 2025, 8,223 people acquired Luxembourg nationality, a rise of 10.9% compared with 2024.
Beyond population figures, the data also reveal trends in family structures. A total of 2,604 marriages were celebrated in 2025, a slight increase from the previous year. The number of divorces, however, rose significantly to 1,367.
Overall, the figures confirm that while population growth in Luxembourg is slowing, migration continues to play a central role in demographic development.
